Feline Leukemia

Feline leukemia is an incurable viral disease that can affect cats. It is estimated that 1/3 of the cats that come into contact with this virus will die. The remainder of this article will focus on the spread, signs, diagnosis, and prevention of this disease.

Spread. The virus that causes feline leukemia can be spread in several ways. Since the virus is readily shed in saliva and respiratory secretions, fighting between cats or close contact can spread the virus. The virus can also be spread to kittens 

across the placenta or in the milk. 

Signs. Signs can vary from none, early in the disease, to very severe signs, later in the progression of the disease. The virus can infect almost any organ or organ system, including the bone marrow, esophagus, stomach, bladder, respiratory tract, and salivary glands. This can result in mouth and gum infections, skin infections, ear infections, chronic respiratory infections, and intestinal infections. Because the feline leukemia virus causes immunosuppression, an infected cat can become unable to fight off diseases that it could normally protect itself against.

Diagnosis. There are many rapid diagnostic tests available. A small blood sample is all that is needed to determine if a cat has feline leukemia.

Treatment. There is no treatment for feline leukemia. Supportive therapy for infections as they arise, such as fluids, antibiotics, etc., may help to prolong the life of a feline leukemia-positive cat. 

Prevention. There are several vaccines available on the market for the prevention of feline leukemia. Currently, the feline leukemia vaccinations are not perfect in preventing feline leukemia in all cats that have been vaccinated. However, non-vaccinated cats are twice as likely to become permanently infected with the virus. Keeping cats indoors, away from the stray cat population that generally carries the disease, is the best preventative measure you can take. Any new cat brought into a home should be isolated from other cats until tested and found to be negative for feline leukemia. If you have had a cat die from feline leukemia, it is recommended to wash or dispose of all bowls, toys, bedding, etc. since they may serve as a source of infection to another cat.

The information provided is for educational purposes only and is not intended to take the place of your regular veterinarian. Please do not hesitate to contact your regular veterinarian if you have questions regarding your pet.