Summer Pet Care Tips

Summer is rapidly approaching and with it comes a set of pet problems that are unique to the season. This article will discuss some of the more common summer pet problems including heat stroke, fly bites, hot spots, maggots, being hit by a car, sunburn, and fleas and ticks.

Heat Stroke

Overheating and heat stroke can result in a short period of time when it is hot and humid outside. Animals that are deprived of water, shade, and adequate rest after exertion may be at an increased risk for overheating and heat stroke. Signs of heat stroke include prolonged elevated body temperature, open mouth breathing/panting, shaking, trembling, collapse, seizures, and death. Heat stroke is a life-threatening emergency. Treatment is aimed at lowering the body temperature without overcooling, treating secondary shock, and preventing secondary organ damage. Heat stroke can be prevented by providing adequate shade and water for outdoor pets, limiting excessive activity, and keeping long-haired pets shaved. 

Fly Strike

Many pets that are outdoors will have problems with flies. These pests will often bite at the ears of animals and cause small crusty sores on the ear tips. Several commercial fly ointments are available to keep the flies down to a minimum. Treating fly strike wounds involves gently cleaning the sores and applying a triple antibiotic ointment. Fly strike wounds may mimic other diseases including skin cancer and autoimmune diseases, thus, consultation with a veterinarian is recommended if conservative treatment does not result in the resolution of signs. 

Hot Spots

Hot spots are scabby, raw, bloody lesions that occur in response to skin irritation. Any type of skin irritation (trauma, parasite related, allergies, etc.) can result in a hot spot. Treatment includes removing all hair and debris from an area wider than the hot spot, cleaning and drying the wound, and applying a topical medication. In some instances, oral antibiotics, steroids, or pain medications may be used as well. If the underlying cause is not addressed, hot spots are likely to persist or reoccur. Thus, finding and eliminating the cause is an important step in case management.

Maggots

Flies are often attracted to open wounds, sores, and moist skin. If wounds are left unattended and/or animals are left outside for prolonged periods of time flies will often congregate and lay eggs in the open flesh. When the eggs hatch, the immature fly or maggot will feed on the flesh and debris. Animals with maggot infestations are often presented to veterinary clinics in very poor condition-they are weak, dehydrated, and toxic. Thus, maggots can be life-threatening. Aggressive removal of maggots and eggs and treatment of any resulting wounds is necessary. Prevention is easy! Keep animals clean and dry, shave long-haired pets that will spend time outside, and examine pets for wounds and seek treatment early. 

Hit By Car

Animals are more likely to be hit by cars in the summer months because they often spend more time outside. Injuries from pet versus automobile accidents can vary tremendously and range from mild bruises and cuts to broken bones and devastating internal injuries. Some injuries may not be obvious in the short term and thus a veterinarian should examine animals that have been hit by a car as soon as possible. Tips to prevent animals from being hit by a vehicle include double checking fencing and pens to make sure they are escape-proof, walking animals on leashes, and neutering males so they are less likely to roam. 

Sunburn

Short-haired, shaved, or thin-coated pets may be prone to sunburn if they are allowed to stay outside without adequate shelter from the sun. Signs can vary, depending on severity, and may include red skin, blisters, and secondary skin infection. In most cases, the skin along the top of the back is the most likely to be affected. Treatment will vary depending on the severity of the burn and may include topical and/or oral medications. Sunburn is easily prevented by preventing prolonged exposure to direct sunlight and by providing adequate shelter.

Fleas and Ticks

External parasites, fleas, and ticks, are common summertime pests. A flea infestation can result in signs ranging from mild irritation to severe skin allergy and hair loss. In addition, fleas can transmit some diseases, like Hemobartonella, and result in anemia due to blood loss in smaller animals. Ticks can also transmit diseases such as Ehrlichia, Lyme Disease, Babesia, and Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever. Recent advances in parasite medications have made the prevention and treatment of external parasites very easy. Some products recommended for external parasites include Advantage, Frontline, and Revolution. 

Summertime brings a whole new set of challenges for pets and pet owners alike. Following a few basic tips can help keep the summer enjoyable for everyone! Remember, never leave pets unattended outside for long periods of time, especially in extreme temperatures (hot or cold). Be sure to provide adequate shelter and water for pets that spend time outside. Examine your pets for signs of problems on a regular basis. With a little extra care and attention, summer pet tragedies can be avoided. 

The information provided is for educational purposes only and is not intended to take the place of your regular veterinarian. Please do not hesitate to contact your regular veterinarian if you have questions regarding your pet.